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r"""
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==================================
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Constants (:mod:`scipy.constants`)
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==================================
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.. currentmodule:: scipy.constants
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Physical and mathematical constants and units.
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Mathematical constants
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======================
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================ =================================================================
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``pi`` Pi
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``golden`` Golden ratio
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``golden_ratio`` Golden ratio
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================ =================================================================
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Physical constants
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==================
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=========================== =================================================================
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``c`` speed of light in vacuum
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``speed_of_light`` speed of light in vacuum
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``mu_0`` the magnetic constant :math:`\mu_0`
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``epsilon_0`` the electric constant (vacuum permittivity), :math:`\epsilon_0`
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``h`` the Planck constant :math:`h`
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``Planck`` the Planck constant :math:`h`
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``hbar`` :math:`\hbar = h/(2\pi)`
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``G`` Newtonian constant of gravitation
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``gravitational_constant`` Newtonian constant of gravitation
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``g`` standard acceleration of gravity
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``e`` elementary charge
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``elementary_charge`` elementary charge
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``R`` molar gas constant
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``gas_constant`` molar gas constant
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``alpha`` fine-structure constant
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``fine_structure`` fine-structure constant
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``N_A`` Avogadro constant
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``Avogadro`` Avogadro constant
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``k`` Boltzmann constant
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``Boltzmann`` Boltzmann constant
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``sigma`` Stefan-Boltzmann constant :math:`\sigma`
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``Stefan_Boltzmann`` Stefan-Boltzmann constant :math:`\sigma`
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``Wien`` Wien displacement law constant
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``Rydberg`` Rydberg constant
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``m_e`` electron mass
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``electron_mass`` electron mass
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``m_p`` proton mass
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``proton_mass`` proton mass
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``m_n`` neutron mass
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``neutron_mass`` neutron mass
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=========================== =================================================================
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Constants database
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------------------
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In addition to the above variables, :mod:`scipy.constants` also contains the
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2018 CODATA recommended values [CODATA2018]_ database containing more physical
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constants.
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.. autosummary::
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:toctree: generated/
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value -- Value in physical_constants indexed by key
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unit -- Unit in physical_constants indexed by key
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precision -- Relative precision in physical_constants indexed by key
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find -- Return list of physical_constant keys with a given string
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ConstantWarning -- Constant sought not in newest CODATA data set
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.. data:: physical_constants
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Dictionary of physical constants, of the format
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``physical_constants[name] = (value, unit, uncertainty)``.
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Available constants:
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====================================================================== ====
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%(constant_names)s
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====================================================================== ====
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Units
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=====
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SI prefixes
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-----------
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============ =================================================================
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``yotta`` :math:`10^{24}`
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``zetta`` :math:`10^{21}`
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``exa`` :math:`10^{18}`
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``peta`` :math:`10^{15}`
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``tera`` :math:`10^{12}`
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``giga`` :math:`10^{9}`
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``mega`` :math:`10^{6}`
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``kilo`` :math:`10^{3}`
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``hecto`` :math:`10^{2}`
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``deka`` :math:`10^{1}`
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``deci`` :math:`10^{-1}`
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``centi`` :math:`10^{-2}`
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``milli`` :math:`10^{-3}`
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``micro`` :math:`10^{-6}`
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``nano`` :math:`10^{-9}`
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``pico`` :math:`10^{-12}`
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``femto`` :math:`10^{-15}`
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``atto`` :math:`10^{-18}`
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``zepto`` :math:`10^{-21}`
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``yocto`` :math:`10^{-24}`
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============ =================================================================
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Binary prefixes
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---------------
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============ =================================================================
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``kibi`` :math:`2^{10}`
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``mebi`` :math:`2^{20}`
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``gibi`` :math:`2^{30}`
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``tebi`` :math:`2^{40}`
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``pebi`` :math:`2^{50}`
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``exbi`` :math:`2^{60}`
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``zebi`` :math:`2^{70}`
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``yobi`` :math:`2^{80}`
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============ =================================================================
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Mass
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----
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================= ============================================================
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``gram`` :math:`10^{-3}` kg
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``metric_ton`` :math:`10^{3}` kg
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``grain`` one grain in kg
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``lb`` one pound (avoirdupous) in kg
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``pound`` one pound (avoirdupous) in kg
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``blob`` one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)
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``slinch`` one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)
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``slug`` one slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)
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``oz`` one ounce in kg
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``ounce`` one ounce in kg
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``stone`` one stone in kg
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``grain`` one grain in kg
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``long_ton`` one long ton in kg
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``short_ton`` one short ton in kg
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``troy_ounce`` one Troy ounce in kg
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``troy_pound`` one Troy pound in kg
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``carat`` one carat in kg
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``m_u`` atomic mass constant (in kg)
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``u`` atomic mass constant (in kg)
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``atomic_mass`` atomic mass constant (in kg)
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================= ============================================================
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Angle
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-----
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================= ============================================================
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``degree`` degree in radians
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``arcmin`` arc minute in radians
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``arcminute`` arc minute in radians
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``arcsec`` arc second in radians
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``arcsecond`` arc second in radians
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================= ============================================================
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Time
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----
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================= ============================================================
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``minute`` one minute in seconds
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``hour`` one hour in seconds
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``day`` one day in seconds
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``week`` one week in seconds
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``year`` one year (365 days) in seconds
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``Julian_year`` one Julian year (365.25 days) in seconds
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================= ============================================================
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Length
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------
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===================== ============================================================
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``inch`` one inch in meters
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``foot`` one foot in meters
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``yard`` one yard in meters
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``mile`` one mile in meters
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``mil`` one mil in meters
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``pt`` one point in meters
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``point`` one point in meters
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``survey_foot`` one survey foot in meters
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``survey_mile`` one survey mile in meters
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``nautical_mile`` one nautical mile in meters
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``fermi`` one Fermi in meters
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``angstrom`` one Angstrom in meters
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``micron`` one micron in meters
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``au`` one astronomical unit in meters
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``astronomical_unit`` one astronomical unit in meters
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``light_year`` one light year in meters
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``parsec`` one parsec in meters
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===================== ============================================================
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Pressure
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--------
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================= ============================================================
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``atm`` standard atmosphere in pascals
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``atmosphere`` standard atmosphere in pascals
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``bar`` one bar in pascals
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``torr`` one torr (mmHg) in pascals
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``mmHg`` one torr (mmHg) in pascals
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``psi`` one psi in pascals
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================= ============================================================
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Area
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----
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================= ============================================================
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``hectare`` one hectare in square meters
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``acre`` one acre in square meters
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================= ============================================================
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Volume
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------
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=================== ========================================================
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``liter`` one liter in cubic meters
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``litre`` one liter in cubic meters
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``gallon`` one gallon (US) in cubic meters
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``gallon_US`` one gallon (US) in cubic meters
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``gallon_imp`` one gallon (UK) in cubic meters
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``fluid_ounce`` one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters
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``fluid_ounce_US`` one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters
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``fluid_ounce_imp`` one fluid ounce (UK) in cubic meters
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``bbl`` one barrel in cubic meters
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``barrel`` one barrel in cubic meters
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=================== ========================================================
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Speed
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-----
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================== ==========================================================
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``kmh`` kilometers per hour in meters per second
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``mph`` miles per hour in meters per second
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``mach`` one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second
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``speed_of_sound`` one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second
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``knot`` one knot in meters per second
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================== ==========================================================
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Temperature
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-----------
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===================== =======================================================
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``zero_Celsius`` zero of Celsius scale in Kelvin
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``degree_Fahrenheit`` one Fahrenheit (only differences) in Kelvins
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===================== =======================================================
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.. autosummary::
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:toctree: generated/
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convert_temperature
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Energy
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------
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==================== =======================================================
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``eV`` one electron volt in Joules
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``electron_volt`` one electron volt in Joules
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``calorie`` one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules
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``calorie_th`` one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules
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``calorie_IT`` one calorie (International Steam Table calorie, 1956) in Joules
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``erg`` one erg in Joules
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``Btu`` one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules
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``Btu_IT`` one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules
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``Btu_th`` one British thermal unit (thermochemical) in Joules
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``ton_TNT`` one ton of TNT in Joules
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==================== =======================================================
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Power
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-----
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==================== =======================================================
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``hp`` one horsepower in watts
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``horsepower`` one horsepower in watts
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==================== =======================================================
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Force
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-----
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==================== =======================================================
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``dyn`` one dyne in newtons
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``dyne`` one dyne in newtons
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``lbf`` one pound force in newtons
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``pound_force`` one pound force in newtons
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``kgf`` one kilogram force in newtons
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``kilogram_force`` one kilogram force in newtons
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==================== =======================================================
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Optics
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------
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.. autosummary::
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:toctree: generated/
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lambda2nu
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nu2lambda
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References
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==========
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.. [CODATA2018] CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental
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Physical Constants 2018.
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https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/
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"""
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# Modules contributed by BasSw (wegwerp@gmail.com)
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from ._codata import *
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from ._constants import *
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from ._codata import _obsolete_constants
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# Deprecated namespaces, to be removed in v2.0.0
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from . import codata, constants
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_constant_names = [(_k.lower(), _k, _v)
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for _k, _v in physical_constants.items()
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if _k not in _obsolete_constants]
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_constant_names = "\n".join(["``%s``%s %s %s" % (_x[1], " "*(66-len(_x[1])),
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_x[2][0], _x[2][1])
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for _x in sorted(_constant_names)])
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if __doc__:
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__doc__ = __doc__ % dict(constant_names=_constant_names)
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del _constant_names
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__all__ = [s for s in dir() if not s.startswith('_')]
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from scipy._lib._testutils import PytestTester
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test = PytestTester(__name__)
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del PytestTester
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"""
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Collection of physical constants and conversion factors.
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Most constants are in SI units, so you can do
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print '10 mile per minute is', 10*mile/minute, 'm/s or', 10*mile/(minute*knot), 'knots'
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The list is not meant to be comprehensive, but just convenient for everyday use.
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"""
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"""
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BasSw 2006
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physical constants: imported from CODATA
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unit conversion: see e.g., NIST special publication 811
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Use at own risk: double-check values before calculating your Mars orbit-insertion burn.
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Some constants exist in a few variants, which are marked with suffixes.
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The ones without any suffix should be the most common ones.
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"""
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import math as _math
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from ._codata import value as _cd
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import numpy as _np
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__all__ = [
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'Avogadro', 'Boltzmann', 'Btu', 'Btu_IT', 'Btu_th', 'G',
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'Julian_year', 'N_A', 'Planck', 'R', 'Rydberg',
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'Stefan_Boltzmann', 'Wien', 'acre', 'alpha',
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'angstrom', 'arcmin', 'arcminute', 'arcsec',
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'arcsecond', 'astronomical_unit', 'atm',
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'atmosphere', 'atomic_mass', 'atto', 'au', 'bar',
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'barrel', 'bbl', 'blob', 'c', 'calorie',
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'calorie_IT', 'calorie_th', 'carat', 'centi',
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'convert_temperature', 'day', 'deci', 'degree',
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'degree_Fahrenheit', 'deka', 'dyn', 'dyne', 'e',
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'eV', 'electron_mass', 'electron_volt',
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'elementary_charge', 'epsilon_0', 'erg',
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'exa', 'exbi', 'femto', 'fermi', 'fine_structure',
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'fluid_ounce', 'fluid_ounce_US', 'fluid_ounce_imp',
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'foot', 'g', 'gallon', 'gallon_US', 'gallon_imp',
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'gas_constant', 'gibi', 'giga', 'golden', 'golden_ratio',
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'grain', 'gram', 'gravitational_constant', 'h', 'hbar',
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'hectare', 'hecto', 'horsepower', 'hour', 'hp',
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'inch', 'k', 'kgf', 'kibi', 'kilo', 'kilogram_force',
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'kmh', 'knot', 'lambda2nu', 'lb', 'lbf',
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'light_year', 'liter', 'litre', 'long_ton', 'm_e',
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'm_n', 'm_p', 'm_u', 'mach', 'mebi', 'mega',
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'metric_ton', 'micro', 'micron', 'mil', 'mile',
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'milli', 'minute', 'mmHg', 'mph', 'mu_0', 'nano',
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'nautical_mile', 'neutron_mass', 'nu2lambda',
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'ounce', 'oz', 'parsec', 'pebi', 'peta',
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'pi', 'pico', 'point', 'pound', 'pound_force',
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'proton_mass', 'psi', 'pt', 'short_ton',
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'sigma', 'slinch', 'slug', 'speed_of_light',
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'speed_of_sound', 'stone', 'survey_foot',
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'survey_mile', 'tebi', 'tera', 'ton_TNT',
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'torr', 'troy_ounce', 'troy_pound', 'u',
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'week', 'yard', 'year', 'yobi', 'yocto',
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'yotta', 'zebi', 'zepto', 'zero_Celsius', 'zetta'
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]
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# mathematical constants
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pi = _math.pi
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golden = golden_ratio = (1 + _math.sqrt(5)) / 2
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# SI prefixes
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yotta = 1e24
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zetta = 1e21
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exa = 1e18
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peta = 1e15
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tera = 1e12
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giga = 1e9
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mega = 1e6
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kilo = 1e3
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hecto = 1e2
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deka = 1e1
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deci = 1e-1
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centi = 1e-2
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milli = 1e-3
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micro = 1e-6
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nano = 1e-9
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pico = 1e-12
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femto = 1e-15
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atto = 1e-18
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zepto = 1e-21
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yocto = 1e-24
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# binary prefixes
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kibi = 2**10
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mebi = 2**20
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gibi = 2**30
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tebi = 2**40
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pebi = 2**50
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exbi = 2**60
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zebi = 2**70
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yobi = 2**80
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# physical constants
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c = speed_of_light = _cd('speed of light in vacuum')
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mu_0 = _cd('vacuum mag. permeability')
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epsilon_0 = _cd('vacuum electric permittivity')
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h = Planck = _cd('Planck constant')
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hbar = h / (2 * pi)
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G = gravitational_constant = _cd('Newtonian constant of gravitation')
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g = _cd('standard acceleration of gravity')
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e = elementary_charge = _cd('elementary charge')
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R = gas_constant = _cd('molar gas constant')
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alpha = fine_structure = _cd('fine-structure constant')
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N_A = Avogadro = _cd('Avogadro constant')
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k = Boltzmann = _cd('Boltzmann constant')
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sigma = Stefan_Boltzmann = _cd('Stefan-Boltzmann constant')
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Wien = _cd('Wien wavelength displacement law constant')
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Rydberg = _cd('Rydberg constant')
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# mass in kg
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gram = 1e-3
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metric_ton = 1e3
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grain = 64.79891e-6
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lb = pound = 7000 * grain # avoirdupois
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blob = slinch = pound * g / 0.0254 # lbf*s**2/in (added in 1.0.0)
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slug = blob / 12 # lbf*s**2/foot (added in 1.0.0)
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oz = ounce = pound / 16
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stone = 14 * pound
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long_ton = 2240 * pound
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short_ton = 2000 * pound
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troy_ounce = 480 * grain # only for metals / gems
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troy_pound = 12 * troy_ounce
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carat = 200e-6
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m_e = electron_mass = _cd('electron mass')
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m_p = proton_mass = _cd('proton mass')
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m_n = neutron_mass = _cd('neutron mass')
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m_u = u = atomic_mass = _cd('atomic mass constant')
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||||
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||||
# angle in rad
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degree = pi / 180
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arcmin = arcminute = degree / 60
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arcsec = arcsecond = arcmin / 60
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||||
# time in second
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minute = 60.0
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||||
hour = 60 * minute
|
||||
day = 24 * hour
|
||||
week = 7 * day
|
||||
year = 365 * day
|
||||
Julian_year = 365.25 * day
|
||||
|
||||
# length in meter
|
||||
inch = 0.0254
|
||||
foot = 12 * inch
|
||||
yard = 3 * foot
|
||||
mile = 1760 * yard
|
||||
mil = inch / 1000
|
||||
pt = point = inch / 72 # typography
|
||||
survey_foot = 1200.0 / 3937
|
||||
survey_mile = 5280 * survey_foot
|
||||
nautical_mile = 1852.0
|
||||
fermi = 1e-15
|
||||
angstrom = 1e-10
|
||||
micron = 1e-6
|
||||
au = astronomical_unit = 149597870700.0
|
||||
light_year = Julian_year * c
|
||||
parsec = au / arcsec
|
||||
|
||||
# pressure in pascal
|
||||
atm = atmosphere = _cd('standard atmosphere')
|
||||
bar = 1e5
|
||||
torr = mmHg = atm / 760
|
||||
psi = pound * g / (inch * inch)
|
||||
|
||||
# area in meter**2
|
||||
hectare = 1e4
|
||||
acre = 43560 * foot**2
|
||||
|
||||
# volume in meter**3
|
||||
litre = liter = 1e-3
|
||||
gallon = gallon_US = 231 * inch**3 # US
|
||||
# pint = gallon_US / 8
|
||||
fluid_ounce = fluid_ounce_US = gallon_US / 128
|
||||
bbl = barrel = 42 * gallon_US # for oil
|
||||
|
||||
gallon_imp = 4.54609e-3 # UK
|
||||
fluid_ounce_imp = gallon_imp / 160
|
||||
|
||||
# speed in meter per second
|
||||
kmh = 1e3 / hour
|
||||
mph = mile / hour
|
||||
mach = speed_of_sound = 340.5 # approx value at 15 degrees in 1 atm. Is this a common value?
|
||||
knot = nautical_mile / hour
|
||||
|
||||
# temperature in kelvin
|
||||
zero_Celsius = 273.15
|
||||
degree_Fahrenheit = 1/1.8 # only for differences
|
||||
|
||||
# energy in joule
|
||||
eV = electron_volt = elementary_charge # * 1 Volt
|
||||
calorie = calorie_th = 4.184
|
||||
calorie_IT = 4.1868
|
||||
erg = 1e-7
|
||||
Btu_th = pound * degree_Fahrenheit * calorie_th / gram
|
||||
Btu = Btu_IT = pound * degree_Fahrenheit * calorie_IT / gram
|
||||
ton_TNT = 1e9 * calorie_th
|
||||
# Wh = watt_hour
|
||||
|
||||
# power in watt
|
||||
hp = horsepower = 550 * foot * pound * g
|
||||
|
||||
# force in newton
|
||||
dyn = dyne = 1e-5
|
||||
lbf = pound_force = pound * g
|
||||
kgf = kilogram_force = g # * 1 kg
|
||||
|
||||
# functions for conversions that are not linear
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def convert_temperature(val, old_scale, new_scale):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Convert from a temperature scale to another one among Celsius, Kelvin,
|
||||
Fahrenheit, and Rankine scales.
|
||||
|
||||
Parameters
|
||||
----------
|
||||
val : array_like
|
||||
Value(s) of the temperature(s) to be converted expressed in the
|
||||
original scale.
|
||||
|
||||
old_scale: str
|
||||
Specifies as a string the original scale from which the temperature
|
||||
value(s) will be converted. Supported scales are Celsius ('Celsius',
|
||||
'celsius', 'C' or 'c'), Kelvin ('Kelvin', 'kelvin', 'K', 'k'),
|
||||
Fahrenheit ('Fahrenheit', 'fahrenheit', 'F' or 'f'), and Rankine
|
||||
('Rankine', 'rankine', 'R', 'r').
|
||||
|
||||
new_scale: str
|
||||
Specifies as a string the new scale to which the temperature
|
||||
value(s) will be converted. Supported scales are Celsius ('Celsius',
|
||||
'celsius', 'C' or 'c'), Kelvin ('Kelvin', 'kelvin', 'K', 'k'),
|
||||
Fahrenheit ('Fahrenheit', 'fahrenheit', 'F' or 'f'), and Rankine
|
||||
('Rankine', 'rankine', 'R', 'r').
|
||||
|
||||
Returns
|
||||
-------
|
||||
res : float or array of floats
|
||||
Value(s) of the converted temperature(s) expressed in the new scale.
|
||||
|
||||
Notes
|
||||
-----
|
||||
.. versionadded:: 0.18.0
|
||||
|
||||
Examples
|
||||
--------
|
||||
>>> from scipy.constants import convert_temperature
|
||||
>>> convert_temperature(np.array([-40, 40]), 'Celsius', 'Kelvin')
|
||||
array([ 233.15, 313.15])
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
# Convert from `old_scale` to Kelvin
|
||||
if old_scale.lower() in ['celsius', 'c']:
|
||||
tempo = _np.asanyarray(val) + zero_Celsius
|
||||
elif old_scale.lower() in ['kelvin', 'k']:
|
||||
tempo = _np.asanyarray(val)
|
||||
elif old_scale.lower() in ['fahrenheit', 'f']:
|
||||
tempo = (_np.asanyarray(val) - 32) * 5 / 9 + zero_Celsius
|
||||
elif old_scale.lower() in ['rankine', 'r']:
|
||||
tempo = _np.asanyarray(val) * 5 / 9
|
||||
else:
|
||||
raise NotImplementedError("%s scale is unsupported: supported scales "
|
||||
"are Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, and "
|
||||
"Rankine" % old_scale)
|
||||
# and from Kelvin to `new_scale`.
|
||||
if new_scale.lower() in ['celsius', 'c']:
|
||||
res = tempo - zero_Celsius
|
||||
elif new_scale.lower() in ['kelvin', 'k']:
|
||||
res = tempo
|
||||
elif new_scale.lower() in ['fahrenheit', 'f']:
|
||||
res = (tempo - zero_Celsius) * 9 / 5 + 32
|
||||
elif new_scale.lower() in ['rankine', 'r']:
|
||||
res = tempo * 9 / 5
|
||||
else:
|
||||
raise NotImplementedError("'%s' scale is unsupported: supported "
|
||||
"scales are 'Celsius', 'Kelvin', "
|
||||
"'Fahrenheit', and 'Rankine'" % new_scale)
|
||||
|
||||
return res
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# optics
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def lambda2nu(lambda_):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Convert wavelength to optical frequency
|
||||
|
||||
Parameters
|
||||
----------
|
||||
lambda_ : array_like
|
||||
Wavelength(s) to be converted.
|
||||
|
||||
Returns
|
||||
-------
|
||||
nu : float or array of floats
|
||||
Equivalent optical frequency.
|
||||
|
||||
Notes
|
||||
-----
|
||||
Computes ``nu = c / lambda`` where c = 299792458.0, i.e., the
|
||||
(vacuum) speed of light in meters/second.
|
||||
|
||||
Examples
|
||||
--------
|
||||
>>> from scipy.constants import lambda2nu, speed_of_light
|
||||
>>> lambda2nu(np.array((1, speed_of_light)))
|
||||
array([ 2.99792458e+08, 1.00000000e+00])
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
return c / _np.asanyarray(lambda_)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def nu2lambda(nu):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Convert optical frequency to wavelength.
|
||||
|
||||
Parameters
|
||||
----------
|
||||
nu : array_like
|
||||
Optical frequency to be converted.
|
||||
|
||||
Returns
|
||||
-------
|
||||
lambda : float or array of floats
|
||||
Equivalent wavelength(s).
|
||||
|
||||
Notes
|
||||
-----
|
||||
Computes ``lambda = c / nu`` where c = 299792458.0, i.e., the
|
||||
(vacuum) speed of light in meters/second.
|
||||
|
||||
Examples
|
||||
--------
|
||||
>>> from scipy.constants import nu2lambda, speed_of_light
|
||||
>>> nu2lambda(np.array((1, speed_of_light)))
|
||||
array([ 2.99792458e+08, 1.00000000e+00])
|
||||
|
||||
"""
|
||||
return c / _np.asanyarray(nu)
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
|
||||
# This file is not meant for public use and will be removed in SciPy v2.0.0.
|
||||
# Use the `scipy.constants` namespace for importing the functions
|
||||
# included below.
|
||||
|
||||
import warnings
|
||||
from . import _codata
|
||||
|
||||
__all__ = [ # noqa: F822
|
||||
'physical_constants', 'value', 'unit', 'precision', 'find',
|
||||
'ConstantWarning', 'txt2002', 'txt2006', 'txt2010', 'txt2014',
|
||||
'txt2018', 'parse_constants_2002to2014',
|
||||
'parse_constants_2018toXXXX', 'k', 'c', 'mu0', 'epsilon0',
|
||||
'exact_values', 'key', 'val', 'v'
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def __dir__():
|
||||
return __all__
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def __getattr__(name):
|
||||
if name not in __all__:
|
||||
raise AttributeError(
|
||||
"scipy.constants.codata is deprecated and has no attribute "
|
||||
f"{name}. Try looking in scipy.constants instead.")
|
||||
|
||||
warnings.warn(f"Please use `{name}` from the `scipy.constants` namespace, "
|
||||
"the `scipy.constants.codata` namespace is deprecated.",
|
||||
category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
||||
|
||||
return getattr(_codata, name)
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
||||
# This file is not meant for public use and will be removed in SciPy v2.0.0.
|
||||
# Use the `scipy.constants` namespace for importing the functions
|
||||
# included below.
|
||||
|
||||
import warnings
|
||||
from . import _constants
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
__all__ = [ # noqa: F822
|
||||
'Avogadro', 'Boltzmann', 'Btu', 'Btu_IT', 'Btu_th', 'G',
|
||||
'Julian_year', 'N_A', 'Planck', 'R', 'Rydberg',
|
||||
'Stefan_Boltzmann', 'Wien', 'acre', 'alpha',
|
||||
'angstrom', 'arcmin', 'arcminute', 'arcsec',
|
||||
'arcsecond', 'astronomical_unit', 'atm',
|
||||
'atmosphere', 'atomic_mass', 'atto', 'au', 'bar',
|
||||
'barrel', 'bbl', 'blob', 'c', 'calorie',
|
||||
'calorie_IT', 'calorie_th', 'carat', 'centi',
|
||||
'convert_temperature', 'day', 'deci', 'degree',
|
||||
'degree_Fahrenheit', 'deka', 'dyn', 'dyne', 'e',
|
||||
'eV', 'electron_mass', 'electron_volt',
|
||||
'elementary_charge', 'epsilon_0', 'erg',
|
||||
'exa', 'exbi', 'femto', 'fermi', 'fine_structure',
|
||||
'fluid_ounce', 'fluid_ounce_US', 'fluid_ounce_imp',
|
||||
'foot', 'g', 'gallon', 'gallon_US', 'gallon_imp',
|
||||
'gas_constant', 'gibi', 'giga', 'golden', 'golden_ratio',
|
||||
'grain', 'gram', 'gravitational_constant', 'h', 'hbar',
|
||||
'hectare', 'hecto', 'horsepower', 'hour', 'hp',
|
||||
'inch', 'k', 'kgf', 'kibi', 'kilo', 'kilogram_force',
|
||||
'kmh', 'knot', 'lambda2nu', 'lb', 'lbf',
|
||||
'light_year', 'liter', 'litre', 'long_ton', 'm_e',
|
||||
'm_n', 'm_p', 'm_u', 'mach', 'mebi', 'mega',
|
||||
'metric_ton', 'micro', 'micron', 'mil', 'mile',
|
||||
'milli', 'minute', 'mmHg', 'mph', 'mu_0', 'nano',
|
||||
'nautical_mile', 'neutron_mass', 'nu2lambda',
|
||||
'ounce', 'oz', 'parsec', 'pebi', 'peta',
|
||||
'pi', 'pico', 'point', 'pound', 'pound_force',
|
||||
'proton_mass', 'psi', 'pt', 'short_ton',
|
||||
'sigma', 'slinch', 'slug', 'speed_of_light',
|
||||
'speed_of_sound', 'stone', 'survey_foot',
|
||||
'survey_mile', 'tebi', 'tera', 'ton_TNT',
|
||||
'torr', 'troy_ounce', 'troy_pound', 'u',
|
||||
'week', 'yard', 'year', 'yobi', 'yocto',
|
||||
'yotta', 'zebi', 'zepto', 'zero_Celsius', 'zetta'
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def __dir__():
|
||||
return __all__
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def __getattr__(name):
|
||||
if name not in __all__:
|
||||
raise AttributeError(
|
||||
"scipy.constants.constants is deprecated and has no attribute "
|
||||
f"{name}. Try looking in scipy.constants instead.")
|
||||
|
||||
warnings.warn(f"Please use `{name}` from the `scipy.constants` namespace, "
|
||||
"the `scipy.constants.constants` namespace is deprecated.",
|
||||
category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
||||
|
||||
return getattr(_constants, name)
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
||||
|
||||
def configuration(parent_package='', top_path=None):
|
||||
from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
|
||||
config = Configuration('constants', parent_package, top_path)
|
||||
config.add_data_dir('tests')
|
||||
return config
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
from numpy.distutils.core import setup
|
||||
setup(**configuration(top_path='').todict())
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
||||
from scipy.constants import find, value, ConstantWarning, c, speed_of_light
|
||||
from numpy.testing import (assert_equal, assert_, assert_almost_equal,
|
||||
suppress_warnings)
|
||||
import scipy.constants._codata as _cd
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_find():
|
||||
keys = find('weak mixing', disp=False)
|
||||
assert_equal(keys, ['weak mixing angle'])
|
||||
|
||||
keys = find('qwertyuiop', disp=False)
|
||||
assert_equal(keys, [])
|
||||
|
||||
keys = find('natural unit', disp=False)
|
||||
assert_equal(keys, sorted(['natural unit of velocity',
|
||||
'natural unit of action',
|
||||
'natural unit of action in eV s',
|
||||
'natural unit of mass',
|
||||
'natural unit of energy',
|
||||
'natural unit of energy in MeV',
|
||||
'natural unit of momentum',
|
||||
'natural unit of momentum in MeV/c',
|
||||
'natural unit of length',
|
||||
'natural unit of time']))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_basic_table_parse():
|
||||
c_s = 'speed of light in vacuum'
|
||||
assert_equal(value(c_s), c)
|
||||
assert_equal(value(c_s), speed_of_light)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_basic_lookup():
|
||||
assert_equal('%d %s' % (_cd.c, _cd.unit('speed of light in vacuum')),
|
||||
'299792458 m s^-1')
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_find_all():
|
||||
assert_(len(find(disp=False)) > 300)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_find_single():
|
||||
assert_equal(find('Wien freq', disp=False)[0],
|
||||
'Wien frequency displacement law constant')
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_2002_vs_2006():
|
||||
assert_almost_equal(value('magn. flux quantum'),
|
||||
value('mag. flux quantum'))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_exact_values():
|
||||
# Check that updating stored values with exact ones worked.
|
||||
with suppress_warnings() as sup:
|
||||
sup.filter(ConstantWarning)
|
||||
for key in _cd.exact_values:
|
||||
assert_((_cd.exact_values[key][0] - value(key)) / value(key) == 0)
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
||||
from numpy.testing import assert_equal, assert_allclose
|
||||
import scipy.constants as sc
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_convert_temperature():
|
||||
assert_equal(sc.convert_temperature(32, 'f', 'Celsius'), 0)
|
||||
assert_equal(sc.convert_temperature([0, 0], 'celsius', 'Kelvin'),
|
||||
[273.15, 273.15])
|
||||
assert_equal(sc.convert_temperature([0, 0], 'kelvin', 'c'),
|
||||
[-273.15, -273.15])
|
||||
assert_equal(sc.convert_temperature([32, 32], 'f', 'k'), [273.15, 273.15])
|
||||
assert_equal(sc.convert_temperature([273.15, 273.15], 'kelvin', 'F'),
|
||||
[32, 32])
|
||||
assert_equal(sc.convert_temperature([0, 0], 'C', 'fahrenheit'), [32, 32])
|
||||
assert_allclose(sc.convert_temperature([0, 0], 'c', 'r'), [491.67, 491.67],
|
||||
rtol=0., atol=1e-13)
|
||||
assert_allclose(sc.convert_temperature([491.67, 491.67], 'Rankine', 'C'),
|
||||
[0., 0.], rtol=0., atol=1e-13)
|
||||
assert_allclose(sc.convert_temperature([491.67, 491.67], 'r', 'F'),
|
||||
[32., 32.], rtol=0., atol=1e-13)
|
||||
assert_allclose(sc.convert_temperature([32, 32], 'fahrenheit', 'R'),
|
||||
[491.67, 491.67], rtol=0., atol=1e-13)
|
||||
assert_allclose(sc.convert_temperature([273.15, 273.15], 'K', 'R'),
|
||||
[491.67, 491.67], rtol=0., atol=1e-13)
|
||||
assert_allclose(sc.convert_temperature([491.67, 0.], 'rankine', 'kelvin'),
|
||||
[273.15, 0.], rtol=0., atol=1e-13)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_lambda_to_nu():
|
||||
assert_equal(sc.lambda2nu([sc.speed_of_light, 1]), [1, sc.speed_of_light])
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_nu_to_lambda():
|
||||
assert_equal(sc.nu2lambda([sc.speed_of_light, 1]), [1, sc.speed_of_light])
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user