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Carla Floricel
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"""
The :mod:`sklearn.svm` module includes Support Vector Machine algorithms.
"""
# See http://scikit-learn.sourceforge.net/modules/svm.html for complete
# documentation.
# Author: Fabian Pedregosa <fabian.pedregosa@inria.fr> with help from
# the scikit-learn community. LibSVM and LibLinear are copyright
# of their respective owners.
# License: BSD 3 clause (C) INRIA 2010
from ._classes import SVC, NuSVC, SVR, NuSVR, OneClassSVM, LinearSVC, LinearSVR
from ._bounds import l1_min_c
__all__ = [
"LinearSVC",
"LinearSVR",
"NuSVC",
"NuSVR",
"OneClassSVM",
"SVC",
"SVR",
"l1_min_c",
]

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"""Determination of parameter bounds"""
# Author: Paolo Losi
# License: BSD 3 clause
import numpy as np
from ..preprocessing import LabelBinarizer
from ..utils.validation import check_consistent_length, check_array
from ..utils.extmath import safe_sparse_dot
def l1_min_c(X, y, *, loss="squared_hinge", fit_intercept=True, intercept_scaling=1.0):
"""
Return the lowest bound for C such that for C in (l1_min_C, infinity)
the model is guaranteed not to be empty. This applies to l1 penalized
classifiers, such as LinearSVC with penalty='l1' and
linear_model.LogisticRegression with penalty='l1'.
This value is valid if class_weight parameter in fit() is not set.
Parameters
----------
X : {array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Training vector, where `n_samples` is the number of samples and
`n_features` is the number of features.
y : array-like of shape (n_samples,)
Target vector relative to X.
loss : {'squared_hinge', 'log'}, default='squared_hinge'
Specifies the loss function.
With 'squared_hinge' it is the squared hinge loss (a.k.a. L2 loss).
With 'log' it is the loss of logistic regression models.
fit_intercept : bool, default=True
Specifies if the intercept should be fitted by the model.
It must match the fit() method parameter.
intercept_scaling : float, default=1.0
when fit_intercept is True, instance vector x becomes
[x, intercept_scaling],
i.e. a "synthetic" feature with constant value equals to
intercept_scaling is appended to the instance vector.
It must match the fit() method parameter.
Returns
-------
l1_min_c : float
minimum value for C
"""
if loss not in ("squared_hinge", "log"):
raise ValueError('loss type not in ("squared_hinge", "log")')
X = check_array(X, accept_sparse="csc")
check_consistent_length(X, y)
Y = LabelBinarizer(neg_label=-1).fit_transform(y).T
# maximum absolute value over classes and features
den = np.max(np.abs(safe_sparse_dot(Y, X)))
if fit_intercept:
bias = np.full(
(np.size(y), 1), intercept_scaling, dtype=np.array(intercept_scaling).dtype
)
den = max(den, abs(np.dot(Y, bias)).max())
if den == 0.0:
raise ValueError(
"Ill-posed l1_min_c calculation: l1 will always "
"select zero coefficients for this data"
)
if loss == "squared_hinge":
return 0.5 / den
else: # loss == 'log':
return 2.0 / den

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import os
from os.path import join
import numpy
def configuration(parent_package="", top_path=None):
from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
config = Configuration("svm", parent_package, top_path)
config.add_subpackage("tests")
# newrand wrappers
config.add_extension(
"_newrand",
sources=["_newrand.pyx"],
include_dirs=[numpy.get_include(), join("src", "newrand")],
depends=[join("src", "newrand", "newrand.h")],
language="c++",
# Use C++11 random number generator fix
extra_compile_args=["-std=c++11"],
)
# Section LibSVM
# we compile both libsvm and libsvm_sparse
config.add_library(
"libsvm-skl",
sources=[join("src", "libsvm", "libsvm_template.cpp")],
depends=[
join("src", "libsvm", "svm.cpp"),
join("src", "libsvm", "svm.h"),
join("src", "newrand", "newrand.h"),
],
# Force C++ linking in case gcc is picked up instead
# of g++ under windows with some versions of MinGW
extra_link_args=["-lstdc++"],
# Use C++11 to use the random number generator fix
extra_compiler_args=["-std=c++11"],
)
libsvm_sources = ["_libsvm.pyx"]
libsvm_depends = [
join("src", "libsvm", "libsvm_helper.c"),
join("src", "libsvm", "libsvm_template.cpp"),
join("src", "libsvm", "svm.cpp"),
join("src", "libsvm", "svm.h"),
join("src", "newrand", "newrand.h"),
]
config.add_extension(
"_libsvm",
sources=libsvm_sources,
include_dirs=[
numpy.get_include(),
join("src", "libsvm"),
join("src", "newrand"),
],
libraries=["libsvm-skl"],
depends=libsvm_depends,
)
# liblinear module
libraries = []
if os.name == "posix":
libraries.append("m")
# precompile liblinear to use C++11 flag
config.add_library(
"liblinear-skl",
sources=[
join("src", "liblinear", "linear.cpp"),
join("src", "liblinear", "tron.cpp"),
],
depends=[
join("src", "liblinear", "linear.h"),
join("src", "liblinear", "tron.h"),
join("src", "newrand", "newrand.h"),
],
# Force C++ linking in case gcc is picked up instead
# of g++ under windows with some versions of MinGW
extra_link_args=["-lstdc++"],
# Use C++11 to use the random number generator fix
extra_compiler_args=["-std=c++11"],
)
liblinear_sources = ["_liblinear.pyx"]
liblinear_depends = [
join("src", "liblinear", "*.h"),
join("src", "newrand", "newrand.h"),
join("src", "liblinear", "liblinear_helper.c"),
]
config.add_extension(
"_liblinear",
sources=liblinear_sources,
libraries=["liblinear-skl"] + libraries,
include_dirs=[
join(".", "src", "liblinear"),
join(".", "src", "newrand"),
join("..", "utils"),
numpy.get_include(),
],
depends=liblinear_depends,
# extra_compile_args=['-O0 -fno-inline'],
)
# end liblinear module
# this should go *after* libsvm-skl
libsvm_sparse_sources = ["_libsvm_sparse.pyx"]
config.add_extension(
"_libsvm_sparse",
libraries=["libsvm-skl"],
sources=libsvm_sparse_sources,
include_dirs=[
numpy.get_include(),
join("src", "libsvm"),
join("src", "newrand"),
],
depends=[
join("src", "libsvm", "svm.h"),
join("src", "newrand", "newrand.h"),
join("src", "libsvm", "libsvm_sparse_helper.c"),
],
)
return config
if __name__ == "__main__":
from numpy.distutils.core import setup
setup(**configuration(top_path="").todict())

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import numpy as np
from scipy import sparse as sp
from scipy import stats
import pytest
from sklearn.svm._bounds import l1_min_c
from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.svm._newrand import set_seed_wrap, bounded_rand_int_wrap
dense_X = [[-1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 1]]
sparse_X = sp.csr_matrix(dense_X)
Y1 = [0, 1, 1, 1]
Y2 = [2, 1, 0, 0]
@pytest.mark.parametrize("loss", ["squared_hinge", "log"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("X_label", ["sparse", "dense"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("Y_label", ["two-classes", "multi-class"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("intercept_label", ["no-intercept", "fit-intercept"])
def test_l1_min_c(loss, X_label, Y_label, intercept_label):
Xs = {"sparse": sparse_X, "dense": dense_X}
Ys = {"two-classes": Y1, "multi-class": Y2}
intercepts = {
"no-intercept": {"fit_intercept": False},
"fit-intercept": {"fit_intercept": True, "intercept_scaling": 10},
}
X = Xs[X_label]
Y = Ys[Y_label]
intercept_params = intercepts[intercept_label]
check_l1_min_c(X, Y, loss, **intercept_params)
def test_l1_min_c_l2_loss():
# loss='l2' should raise ValueError
msg = "loss type not in"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
l1_min_c(dense_X, Y1, loss="l2")
def check_l1_min_c(X, y, loss, fit_intercept=True, intercept_scaling=None):
min_c = l1_min_c(
X,
y,
loss=loss,
fit_intercept=fit_intercept,
intercept_scaling=intercept_scaling,
)
clf = {
"log": LogisticRegression(penalty="l1", solver="liblinear"),
"squared_hinge": LinearSVC(loss="squared_hinge", penalty="l1", dual=False),
}[loss]
clf.fit_intercept = fit_intercept
clf.intercept_scaling = intercept_scaling
clf.C = min_c
clf.fit(X, y)
assert (np.asarray(clf.coef_) == 0).all()
assert (np.asarray(clf.intercept_) == 0).all()
clf.C = min_c * 1.01
clf.fit(X, y)
assert (np.asarray(clf.coef_) != 0).any() or (np.asarray(clf.intercept_) != 0).any()
def test_ill_posed_min_c():
X = [[0, 0], [0, 0]]
y = [0, 1]
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
l1_min_c(X, y)
def test_unsupported_loss():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
l1_min_c(dense_X, Y1, loss="l1")
_MAX_UNSIGNED_INT = 4294967295
@pytest.mark.parametrize("seed, val", [(None, 81), (0, 54), (_MAX_UNSIGNED_INT, 9)])
def test_newrand_set_seed(seed, val):
"""Test that `set_seed` produces deterministic results"""
if seed is not None:
set_seed_wrap(seed)
x = bounded_rand_int_wrap(100)
assert x == val, f"Expected {val} but got {x} instead"
@pytest.mark.parametrize("seed", [-1, _MAX_UNSIGNED_INT + 1])
def test_newrand_set_seed_overflow(seed):
"""Test that `set_seed_wrap` is defined for unsigned 32bits ints"""
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
set_seed_wrap(seed)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("range_, n_pts", [(_MAX_UNSIGNED_INT, 10000), (100, 25)])
def test_newrand_bounded_rand_int(range_, n_pts):
"""Test that `bounded_rand_int` follows a uniform distribution"""
n_iter = 100
ks_pvals = []
uniform_dist = stats.uniform(loc=0, scale=range_)
# perform multiple samplings to make chance of outlier sampling negligible
for _ in range(n_iter):
# Deterministic random sampling
sample = [bounded_rand_int_wrap(range_) for _ in range(n_pts)]
res = stats.kstest(sample, uniform_dist.cdf)
ks_pvals.append(res.pvalue)
# Null hypothesis = samples come from an uniform distribution.
# Under the null hypothesis, p-values should be uniformly distributed
# and not concentrated on low values
# (this may seem counter-intuitive but is backed by multiple refs)
# So we can do two checks:
# (1) check uniformity of p-values
uniform_p_vals_dist = stats.uniform(loc=0, scale=1)
res_pvals = stats.kstest(ks_pvals, uniform_p_vals_dist.cdf)
assert res_pvals.pvalue > 0.05, (
"Null hypothesis rejected: generated random numbers are not uniform."
" Details: the (meta) p-value of the test of uniform distribution"
f" of p-values is {res_pvals.pvalue} which is not > 0.05"
)
# (2) (safety belt) check that 90% of p-values are above 0.05
min_10pct_pval = np.percentile(ks_pvals, q=10)
# lower 10th quantile pvalue <= 0.05 means that the test rejects the
# null hypothesis that the sample came from the uniform distribution
assert min_10pct_pval > 0.05, (
"Null hypothesis rejected: generated random numbers are not uniform. "
f"Details: lower 10th quantile p-value of {min_10pct_pval} not > 0.05."
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("range_", [-1, _MAX_UNSIGNED_INT + 1])
def test_newrand_bounded_rand_int_limits(range_):
"""Test that `bounded_rand_int_wrap` is defined for unsigned 32bits ints"""
with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
bounded_rand_int_wrap(range_)

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import pytest
import numpy as np
from numpy.testing import assert_array_almost_equal, assert_array_equal
from scipy import sparse
from sklearn import datasets, svm, linear_model, base
from sklearn.datasets import make_classification, load_digits, make_blobs
from sklearn.svm.tests import test_svm
from sklearn.exceptions import ConvergenceWarning
from sklearn.utils.extmath import safe_sparse_dot
from sklearn.utils._testing import ignore_warnings, skip_if_32bit
# test sample 1
X = np.array([[-2, -1], [-1, -1], [-1, -2], [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 1]])
X_sp = sparse.lil_matrix(X)
Y = [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2]
T = np.array([[-1, -1], [2, 2], [3, 2]])
true_result = [1, 2, 2]
# test sample 2
X2 = np.array(
[
[0, 0, 0],
[1, 1, 1],
[2, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 2],
[3, 3, 3],
]
)
X2_sp = sparse.dok_matrix(X2)
Y2 = [1, 2, 2, 2, 3]
T2 = np.array([[-1, -1, -1], [1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2]])
true_result2 = [1, 2, 3]
iris = datasets.load_iris()
# permute
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
perm = rng.permutation(iris.target.size)
iris.data = iris.data[perm]
iris.target = iris.target[perm]
# sparsify
iris.data = sparse.csr_matrix(iris.data)
def check_svm_model_equal(dense_svm, sparse_svm, X_train, y_train, X_test):
dense_svm.fit(X_train.toarray(), y_train)
if sparse.isspmatrix(X_test):
X_test_dense = X_test.toarray()
else:
X_test_dense = X_test
sparse_svm.fit(X_train, y_train)
assert sparse.issparse(sparse_svm.support_vectors_)
assert sparse.issparse(sparse_svm.dual_coef_)
assert_array_almost_equal(
dense_svm.support_vectors_, sparse_svm.support_vectors_.toarray()
)
assert_array_almost_equal(dense_svm.dual_coef_, sparse_svm.dual_coef_.toarray())
if dense_svm.kernel == "linear":
assert sparse.issparse(sparse_svm.coef_)
assert_array_almost_equal(dense_svm.coef_, sparse_svm.coef_.toarray())
assert_array_almost_equal(dense_svm.support_, sparse_svm.support_)
assert_array_almost_equal(
dense_svm.predict(X_test_dense), sparse_svm.predict(X_test)
)
assert_array_almost_equal(
dense_svm.decision_function(X_test_dense), sparse_svm.decision_function(X_test)
)
assert_array_almost_equal(
dense_svm.decision_function(X_test_dense),
sparse_svm.decision_function(X_test_dense),
)
if isinstance(dense_svm, svm.OneClassSVM):
msg = "cannot use sparse input in 'OneClassSVM' trained on dense data"
else:
assert_array_almost_equal(
dense_svm.predict_proba(X_test_dense), sparse_svm.predict_proba(X_test), 4
)
msg = "cannot use sparse input in 'SVC' trained on dense data"
if sparse.isspmatrix(X_test):
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
dense_svm.predict(X_test)
@skip_if_32bit
def test_svc():
"""Check that sparse SVC gives the same result as SVC"""
# many class dataset:
X_blobs, y_blobs = make_blobs(n_samples=100, centers=10, random_state=0)
X_blobs = sparse.csr_matrix(X_blobs)
datasets = [
[X_sp, Y, T],
[X2_sp, Y2, T2],
[X_blobs[:80], y_blobs[:80], X_blobs[80:]],
[iris.data, iris.target, iris.data],
]
kernels = ["linear", "poly", "rbf", "sigmoid"]
for dataset in datasets:
for kernel in kernels:
clf = svm.SVC(
gamma=1,
kernel=kernel,
probability=True,
random_state=0,
decision_function_shape="ovo",
)
sp_clf = svm.SVC(
gamma=1,
kernel=kernel,
probability=True,
random_state=0,
decision_function_shape="ovo",
)
check_svm_model_equal(clf, sp_clf, *dataset)
def test_unsorted_indices():
# test that the result with sorted and unsorted indices in csr is the same
# we use a subset of digits as iris, blobs or make_classification didn't
# show the problem
X, y = load_digits(return_X_y=True)
X_test = sparse.csr_matrix(X[50:100])
X, y = X[:50], y[:50]
X_sparse = sparse.csr_matrix(X)
coef_dense = (
svm.SVC(kernel="linear", probability=True, random_state=0).fit(X, y).coef_
)
sparse_svc = svm.SVC(kernel="linear", probability=True, random_state=0).fit(
X_sparse, y
)
coef_sorted = sparse_svc.coef_
# make sure dense and sparse SVM give the same result
assert_array_almost_equal(coef_dense, coef_sorted.toarray())
# reverse each row's indices
def scramble_indices(X):
new_data = []
new_indices = []
for i in range(1, len(X.indptr)):
row_slice = slice(*X.indptr[i - 1 : i + 1])
new_data.extend(X.data[row_slice][::-1])
new_indices.extend(X.indices[row_slice][::-1])
return sparse.csr_matrix((new_data, new_indices, X.indptr), shape=X.shape)
X_sparse_unsorted = scramble_indices(X_sparse)
X_test_unsorted = scramble_indices(X_test)
assert not X_sparse_unsorted.has_sorted_indices
assert not X_test_unsorted.has_sorted_indices
unsorted_svc = svm.SVC(kernel="linear", probability=True, random_state=0).fit(
X_sparse_unsorted, y
)
coef_unsorted = unsorted_svc.coef_
# make sure unsorted indices give same result
assert_array_almost_equal(coef_unsorted.toarray(), coef_sorted.toarray())
assert_array_almost_equal(
sparse_svc.predict_proba(X_test_unsorted), sparse_svc.predict_proba(X_test)
)
def test_svc_with_custom_kernel():
def kfunc(x, y):
return safe_sparse_dot(x, y.T)
clf_lin = svm.SVC(kernel="linear").fit(X_sp, Y)
clf_mylin = svm.SVC(kernel=kfunc).fit(X_sp, Y)
assert_array_equal(clf_lin.predict(X_sp), clf_mylin.predict(X_sp))
@skip_if_32bit
def test_svc_iris():
# Test the sparse SVC with the iris dataset
for k in ("linear", "poly", "rbf"):
sp_clf = svm.SVC(kernel=k).fit(iris.data, iris.target)
clf = svm.SVC(kernel=k).fit(iris.data.toarray(), iris.target)
assert_array_almost_equal(
clf.support_vectors_, sp_clf.support_vectors_.toarray()
)
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.dual_coef_, sp_clf.dual_coef_.toarray())
assert_array_almost_equal(
clf.predict(iris.data.toarray()), sp_clf.predict(iris.data)
)
if k == "linear":
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.coef_, sp_clf.coef_.toarray())
def test_sparse_decision_function():
# Test decision_function
# Sanity check, test that decision_function implemented in python
# returns the same as the one in libsvm
# multi class:
svc = svm.SVC(kernel="linear", C=0.1, decision_function_shape="ovo")
clf = svc.fit(iris.data, iris.target)
dec = safe_sparse_dot(iris.data, clf.coef_.T) + clf.intercept_
assert_array_almost_equal(dec, clf.decision_function(iris.data))
# binary:
clf.fit(X, Y)
dec = np.dot(X, clf.coef_.T) + clf.intercept_
prediction = clf.predict(X)
assert_array_almost_equal(dec.ravel(), clf.decision_function(X))
assert_array_almost_equal(
prediction, clf.classes_[(clf.decision_function(X) > 0).astype(int).ravel()]
)
expected = np.array([-1.0, -0.66, -1.0, 0.66, 1.0, 1.0])
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.decision_function(X), expected, 2)
def test_error():
# Test that it gives proper exception on deficient input
# impossible value of C
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
svm.SVC(C=-1).fit(X, Y)
# impossible value of nu
clf = svm.NuSVC(nu=0.0)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
clf.fit(X_sp, Y)
Y2 = Y[:-1] # wrong dimensions for labels
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
clf.fit(X_sp, Y2)
clf = svm.SVC()
clf.fit(X_sp, Y)
assert_array_equal(clf.predict(T), true_result)
def test_linearsvc():
# Similar to test_SVC
clf = svm.LinearSVC(random_state=0).fit(X, Y)
sp_clf = svm.LinearSVC(random_state=0).fit(X_sp, Y)
assert sp_clf.fit_intercept
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.coef_, sp_clf.coef_, decimal=4)
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.intercept_, sp_clf.intercept_, decimal=4)
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.predict(X), sp_clf.predict(X_sp))
clf.fit(X2, Y2)
sp_clf.fit(X2_sp, Y2)
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.coef_, sp_clf.coef_, decimal=4)
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.intercept_, sp_clf.intercept_, decimal=4)
def test_linearsvc_iris():
# Test the sparse LinearSVC with the iris dataset
sp_clf = svm.LinearSVC(random_state=0).fit(iris.data, iris.target)
clf = svm.LinearSVC(random_state=0).fit(iris.data.toarray(), iris.target)
assert clf.fit_intercept == sp_clf.fit_intercept
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.coef_, sp_clf.coef_, decimal=1)
assert_array_almost_equal(clf.intercept_, sp_clf.intercept_, decimal=1)
assert_array_almost_equal(
clf.predict(iris.data.toarray()), sp_clf.predict(iris.data)
)
# check decision_function
pred = np.argmax(sp_clf.decision_function(iris.data), 1)
assert_array_almost_equal(pred, clf.predict(iris.data.toarray()))
# sparsify the coefficients on both models and check that they still
# produce the same results
clf.sparsify()
assert_array_equal(pred, clf.predict(iris.data))
sp_clf.sparsify()
assert_array_equal(pred, sp_clf.predict(iris.data))
def test_weight():
# Test class weights
X_, y_ = make_classification(
n_samples=200, n_features=100, weights=[0.833, 0.167], random_state=0
)
X_ = sparse.csr_matrix(X_)
for clf in (
linear_model.LogisticRegression(),
svm.LinearSVC(random_state=0),
svm.SVC(),
):
clf.set_params(class_weight={0: 5})
clf.fit(X_[:180], y_[:180])
y_pred = clf.predict(X_[180:])
assert np.sum(y_pred == y_[180:]) >= 11
def test_sample_weights():
# Test weights on individual samples
clf = svm.SVC()
clf.fit(X_sp, Y)
assert_array_equal(clf.predict([X[2]]), [1.0])
sample_weight = [0.1] * 3 + [10] * 3
clf.fit(X_sp, Y, sample_weight=sample_weight)
assert_array_equal(clf.predict([X[2]]), [2.0])
def test_sparse_liblinear_intercept_handling():
# Test that sparse liblinear honours intercept_scaling param
test_svm.test_dense_liblinear_intercept_handling(svm.LinearSVC)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("datasets_index", range(4))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("kernel", ["linear", "poly", "rbf", "sigmoid"])
@skip_if_32bit
def test_sparse_oneclasssvm(datasets_index, kernel):
# Check that sparse OneClassSVM gives the same result as dense OneClassSVM
# many class dataset:
X_blobs, _ = make_blobs(n_samples=100, centers=10, random_state=0)
X_blobs = sparse.csr_matrix(X_blobs)
datasets = [
[X_sp, None, T],
[X2_sp, None, T2],
[X_blobs[:80], None, X_blobs[80:]],
[iris.data, None, iris.data],
]
dataset = datasets[datasets_index]
clf = svm.OneClassSVM(gamma=1, kernel=kernel)
sp_clf = svm.OneClassSVM(gamma=1, kernel=kernel)
check_svm_model_equal(clf, sp_clf, *dataset)
def test_sparse_realdata():
# Test on a subset from the 20newsgroups dataset.
# This catches some bugs if input is not correctly converted into
# sparse format or weights are not correctly initialized.
data = np.array([0.03771744, 0.1003567, 0.01174647, 0.027069])
indices = np.array([6, 5, 35, 31])
indptr = np.array(
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
4,
4,
4,
]
)
X = sparse.csr_matrix((data, indices, indptr))
y = np.array(
[
1.0,
0.0,
2.0,
2.0,
1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
2.0,
2.0,
0.0,
1.0,
2.0,
2.0,
0.0,
2.0,
0.0,
3.0,
0.0,
3.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0,
3.0,
2.0,
3.0,
2.0,
0.0,
3.0,
1.0,
0.0,
2.0,
1.0,
2.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
2.0,
3.0,
1.0,
3.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
2.0,
0.0,
1.0,
2.0,
2.0,
2.0,
3.0,
2.0,
0.0,
3.0,
2.0,
1.0,
2.0,
3.0,
2.0,
2.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
2.0,
3.0,
0.0,
0.0,
2.0,
2.0,
1.0,
3.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
2.0,
1.0,
1.0,
3.0,
]
)
clf = svm.SVC(kernel="linear").fit(X.toarray(), y)
sp_clf = svm.SVC(kernel="linear").fit(sparse.coo_matrix(X), y)
assert_array_equal(clf.support_vectors_, sp_clf.support_vectors_.toarray())
assert_array_equal(clf.dual_coef_, sp_clf.dual_coef_.toarray())
def test_sparse_svc_clone_with_callable_kernel():
# Test that the "dense_fit" is called even though we use sparse input
# meaning that everything works fine.
a = svm.SVC(C=1, kernel=lambda x, y: x * y.T, probability=True, random_state=0)
b = base.clone(a)
b.fit(X_sp, Y)
pred = b.predict(X_sp)
b.predict_proba(X_sp)
dense_svm = svm.SVC(
C=1, kernel=lambda x, y: np.dot(x, y.T), probability=True, random_state=0
)
pred_dense = dense_svm.fit(X, Y).predict(X)
assert_array_equal(pred_dense, pred)
# b.decision_function(X_sp) # XXX : should be supported
def test_timeout():
sp = svm.SVC(
C=1, kernel=lambda x, y: x * y.T, probability=True, random_state=0, max_iter=1
)
warning_msg = (
r"Solver terminated early \(max_iter=1\). Consider pre-processing "
r"your data with StandardScaler or MinMaxScaler."
)
with pytest.warns(ConvergenceWarning, match=warning_msg):
sp.fit(X_sp, Y)
def test_consistent_proba():
a = svm.SVC(probability=True, max_iter=1, random_state=0)
with ignore_warnings(category=ConvergenceWarning):
proba_1 = a.fit(X, Y).predict_proba(X)
a = svm.SVC(probability=True, max_iter=1, random_state=0)
with ignore_warnings(category=ConvergenceWarning):
proba_2 = a.fit(X, Y).predict_proba(X)
assert_array_almost_equal(proba_1, proba_2)

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